Sowing and Harvesting, the corn tradition in Costa Rica

Costa Rica is a paradise for gardeners. With a climate that practically guarantees 365 days of cultivation, the inhabitants enjoy an amazing variety of vegetables, tropical fruits, tubers and corn, known locally as maíz or elote. Thanks to this agricultural wealth, not a single day goes by without access to fresh produce straight from the garden.

Corn in Costa Rica: Tradition, Culture and Sustainability

In many regions of Costa Rica, the climate is so favorable that almost any day is ideal for planting and harvesting. Most farmers can grow corn twice a year, and those with adequate irrigation can even achieve three harvests a year.

The current harvest, known as la postrera or dessert harvest, is a key moment when seeds are saved for replanting in September to ensure the continuity of the agricultural cycle.

Sowing and Harvesting, the tradition of corn in Costa Rica.
Sowing and Harvesting, the tradition of corn in Costa Rica.

Many Costa Ricans maintain small plots of land, commonly measuring 5 by 5 meters, dedicated exclusively to corn, forming what is known as a milpa. Although some seed stores offer hybrid varieties adapted to the tropics, native corn is still the favorite for several reasons:

  • Versatility: It can be dried to make tortillas and corn bread or used as animal feed.
  • Resistance: Local corn is naturally resistant to pests and diseases, which reduces the need for pesticides.

The Modern Debate: Genetically Modified Crops

According to the latest data from the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), approximately 92% of corn grown in that country is genetically modified, compared to 85% in 2009. This change is in response to the growing dependence on varieties designed to resist pests and diseases, although debates persist about their possible impacts on health and the environment.

In many European countries, these crops have been temporarily banned until further studies on their safety are carried out. However, in Costa Rica, although the government restricts genetically modified crops to research only, the regulation is not always strictly enforced, which has led some sectors to promote a return to organic and native varieties.

Sowing and Harvesting: Traditional Techniques

For those who want to grow their own corn, the process is simple and based on ancestral knowledge. Preparing the land does not require expensive machinery, just traditional tools such as a machete, a hoe and a shovel. Follow these basic steps:

  • Preparing the soil: Clear the area of weeds and dig small holes 15 cm deep and of a similar diameter, separated by 1 meter in a square block pattern for better pollination.
  • Sowing: Fill each hole with compost and place three corn seeds in each one.
  • Germination and growth: In 5 to 7 days, the seeds will begin to sprout. Approximately one month later, intersperse crops of beans and squash to form the traditional “milpa” or “three sisters” system, which favors biodiversity and soil balance.
  • Maintenance: Use the hoe to remove weeds and strengthen the corn. During the second month, water with compost tea to nourish the plants. In the third month, it will be time to enjoy the harvest of baby corn, beans and squash.
Sowing and Harvesting, the tradition of corn in Costa Rica.
Sowing and Harvesting, the tradition of corn in Costa Rica.

A Lifestyle

Growing your own corn not only keeps cultural traditions alive, but also promotes a healthier and more sustainable lifestyle. It is a reminder of the agricultural practices that have sustained communities for generations, even in the face of modern challenges.

Embracing traditional Costa Rican farming techniques is a way of honoring both nature and cultural legacy. Whether you are an experienced farmer or are taking your first steps in gardening, these proven practices will allow you to enjoy a more self-sufficient life in a country where every day promises a new harvest.

Sowing and Harvesting

Sensorial Sunsets